Youth feel downturns most through unemployment, but the impacts on rangatahi last far longer, shaping well-being, skills, confidence, and future opportunity.

Can we keep the lights on in dry, windless years? We explore the trade-off between short-term affordability and long-term infrastructure investment.

Portfolio funding is often sold as risk-reducing, yet it concentrates iwi exposure to global market cycles and geopolitical shocks that iwi cannot influence.